Management/Conservation Paper Specifications You will be writing a short scientific paper on the management and/or conservation of your species that will be worth 100 points. This should include information about the threats, management (if relevant) and potential solutions to issues facing your species. CRITICAL COMPONENTS 1. Text – 2 FULL pages TOTAL: A. Threats overview (approximately 0.5 page): Give an overview and summarize the different kind of threats facing your species. These may include but not limited to: bycatch, climate change, resource competition with humans, poaching, or directed harvest (e.g., overexploitation of commercially valuable species). B. Focus on a single threat (approximately 0.5 page): Go into more detail on a single (or multiple closely related) threat. For example, you may focus on the bycatch levels of a species in several different fisheries or gear types, where it occurs, and the impacts on population levels. In this section, focus on describing the threat, its extent, and the impact it has on the population. C. Management or conservation efforts (approximately 0.5 page): In this section, discuss and summarize the management or conservation efforts that have been used to try to mitigate threats to your species, ideally focused on the threat you focused on above (though it may cover more than that single threat). For example, if the threat you focused on was bycatch, perhaps you found papers that discuss closed fishing areas to reduce bycatch or the use of different gear modifications. The efforts you discuss should come from the primary (e.g., journal articles) or secondary literature (e.g., government reports), NOT from webpages. 2. Figures: Include at least one figure in your paper. This should be at the end of the paper after the literature cited, and does not count towards your three pages. The figure should be a figure drawn from the primary or secondary literature about your species such as a map of where bycatch occurs; note that this figure should not be a photo. This is a figure that comes directly from one of your sources, not one you make yourself. Your figure should be properly referenced in the text. For example: Penguins were predicted to be found in the eastern part of the Ross Sea (Ainley et al. 2010, Figure 1). Caption for the figure should also be included, but write your own caption that interprets the figure for the reader, and cite the paper the figure is from. For example: Figure 1. Map illustrating the distribution of king penguins during winter based on several oceanographic characteristics throughout the Ross Sea using generalized additive mixed models. Model predictions show that penguins are more likely to be found in the eastern part of the Ross Sea. Source: Ainley et al. 2010. 3. References: You must include three references from the primary literature or from an edited book volume or from a government report (note that government reports are the only acceptable reports). Primary scientific literature most often will be journal articles that have a ‘Materials and Methods’ section and ‘Results’ section, and authors may use ‘we’ or ‘I’ to describe what was done. They are usually very specific: mentioning particular places, organisms, etc. These references should be listed on a separate page at the end of your paper (but before figures) and do not count towards your 2 pages. In citing your references, may use Endnote (available for free through ODU Software Services: https://www.odu.edu/ts/software-services/endnote) or done by hand; your references should be done using the style of the journal Ecology. Your citations should look like this: a. In text, sources should be cited as: i. One Author: (Author Year) 1. Example:(Agardy 2000) ii. Two Authors: (Author 1 and Author 2 Year) 1. Example: (Abbott and Wilen 2011)(Abbott and Wilen 2011) iii. Three Authors: (Author 1 et al. Year) 1. Example: (Abascal et al. 2011) b. How to cite sources at the end of your paper: i. For a journal, the information should be listed as: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. Year. Title. Journal Volume: Pages. 1. Example: Abascal, F. J., M. Quintans, A. Ramos-Cartelle, and J. Mejuto. 2011. Movements and environmental preferences of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology 158:1175-1184. ii. For a book, information should be listed as: Author 1 and Author 2. Year. Book title. Publisher, City. 1. Example: Kenward, R. 1987. Wildlife Radio Tagging: Equipment, Field Techniques and Data Analysis. Academic Press, London. iii. For an edited book, information should be listed as: Author 1 and Author 2. Year. Book section title. Pages XX-XX in Editor name. Book name. Publisher, City. 1. Example: Butler, P. J. 1993. To what extent can heart rate be used as an indicator of metabolic rate in free-living marine mammals? Pages 317–332 in I. L. Boyd, editor. Marine Mammals: Advances in Behavioral and Population Biology. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
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