Description -Clear thesis statement -Introduction should do the following: 1.Introduce your topic, and in a way that indicates its importance. 2.Indicate briefly the research that has been done on the topic. 3.Identify a gap, problem, controversy, etc., in the existing research. 4.Explain how the present paper will fill that gap, solve that problem, etc. 5.State the thesis of the paper the answer to the research question that the paper attempts to answer. 6.Indicate briefly the limits of your study -Literature Review Your literature review should describe the studies of your topic that are relevant for your present study. Begin with a brief general assessment of the literature (e.g., it is abundant, there阵 not much there, most studies focus on methodological issues, data problems beset research on this topic, most studies look at X, little has been done in the past thirty years, etc.). Then get down to brass tacks by describing the aspects of the literature that are most relevant to your study. (It is not necessary or even desirable to comment on every feature [data, methodology, findings, policy implications, etc.] of a previous study.) For example, if the main contribution of your paper is to extend an existing model, it may make sense to focus your review on a discussion of the models used in other papers. Organize your review along those same lines. For instance, you may first describe the papers that use the model you will extend. You may then describe those papers that have extended that model in a certain way. -Data The Data section (which you侦l see only in empirical papers) identifies the source of the data and any problems or special features of the data. Your data section should do at least the following: 1.Identify the source of your data. 2.Describe the source. 3.Explain why you use that source. 4.Identify any caveats: features of the data that may affect your results or that a reader should keep in mind in evaluating them (e.g., the data over-represent a certain demographic population, the data is plagued by self-selection bias, etc.) -Methodology/Model 1.Identify your methodology/model. 2.Describe your methodology/model. 3.Explain why you use that methodology/model. 4.Identify any caveats: features of your methodology/model that may affect your results or that a reader should keep in mind when evaluating them -Results 1.Identify the results that answer your research question. 2.Identify and comment on any unusual or surprising or intriguing results. 3.Identify and comment on any results that you have told your reader you will comment on You may wish to begin your results section by reminding the reader of the question you are trying to answer and any caveats the reader should bear in mind. Note: It is not necessary or even desirable to comment in detail on every single result. Conclusion The Conclusion sections of economics papers are the least standardized, and are an often neglected section. Conclusions may consist of a single paragraph restating the main points or main findings. Sometimes they suggest lines of future research. Your conclusion may do any or all of the following: 1.Restate the question you have attempted to answer. 2.Restate your main contribution and/or findings. 3.Indicate lines for further research. 4.Remind readers of the limitations or caveats of your study. 5.Identify broader implications (e.g., policy implications)
ROI is one of the most common financial measuring tools.
ROI is one of the most common financial measuring tools. Being able to calculate the ROI, or expected ROI, allows us to make the best decisions about where to invest our funds for the most return on our investment over time. Part 1 Using the numbers in Course Scenario: Phoenix
